Practice Questions – Flight Performance & Planning (H) | ICE Helicopters

Exceeding the maximum allowed aircraft mass is…

compensated by the pilot's control inputs.
not permissible and essentially dangerous.
exceptionally permissible to avoid delays.
only relevant if the excess is more than 10 %.

The center of gravity has to be located…

right of the lateral C. G. limit.
behind the rear C.G. limit.
in front of the front C.G. limit.
between the front and the rear C.G. limit.

An aircraft must be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG) stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight. This is done to ensure…

that the aircraft does not tip over on its tail while it is being loaded.
that the aircraft does not exceed the maximum permissible airspeed during a descent. ;
both stability and controllability of the aircraft.
that the aircraft does not stall.

A helicopter must be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG) stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight. This is done to ensure…

that the helicopter does not tip over on its tail while it is being loaded.
that the helicopter does not exceed the maximum permissible airspeed in a descent.
that the helicopter does not stall.
both stability and controllability of the helicopter.

A helicopter must be loaded and operated in such a way that the center of gravity (CG) stays within the approved limits during all phases of flight.

that the helicopter does not tip over on its tail while it is being loaded.
that the helicopter does not exceed the maximum permissible airspeed in a descent.
that the helicopter does not stall.
both stability and controllability of the helicopter.

The result of a front C.G. position is: 1. Increase in stability. 2. Increase in fuel consumption. 3. Increase in stall speed. 4. Increase in range.

2, 4
1, 2, 3
2, 3, 4
1, 2

The basic empty mass of an aircraft includes…

the mass of the aeroplane plus standard items such as unusable fuel and other unusable liquids, lubricating oil in engine and auxiliary units, fire extinguishers, pyrotechnics, emergency oxygen equipment, supplementary electronic equipment.
the total mass of an aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation including the required fuel and crew, but excluding traffic load.
the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation including crew, navigation instruments and engine cowling.
the total mass of the aeroplane ready for a specific type of operation excluding unusable fuel and traffic load. The mass includes items such as crew and crew baggage.

The empty weight and the corresponding center of gravity (CG) of an aircraft are initially determined…

for one aircraft of a type only, since all aircraft of the same type have the same mass and CG position.
by calculation.
through data provided by the aircraft manufacturer.
by weighing.

The density of AVGAS 100LL at 15° C is…

0.82 kg/l.
0.72 kg/l.
0.68 kg/l.
1.0 kg/l.

The conversion factor from kilogram [kg] into pounds [lb] is…

kg x 2 = lb.
kg / 2.205 = lb.
kg x 0.454 = lb.
kg x 2.205 = lb.

Baggage and cargo must be properly stowed and fastened, otherwise a shift of the cargo may cause…

calculable instability if the C.G. is shifting by less than 10 %.
continuous attitudes which can be corrected by the pilot using the flight controls.
uncontrollable attitudes, structural damage, risk of injuries.
structural damage, angle of attack stability, velocity stability.

Loads must be adequately secured in order to…

prevent excessive 'g'-loading during the landing flare.
allow steep turns.
avoid any centre of gravity (C.G.) movements.
carry extra fuel.

The total weight of an aeroplane is acting vertically through the…

stagnation point.
neutral point.
center of pressure.
center of gravity.

The term “center of gravity” is defined as…

the point at which the total mass of the aeroplane is considered to act.
another designation for the neutral point.
half the distance between the neutral point and the datum line.
the heaviest point on an aeroplane.

The center of gravity (CG) defines…

the product of mass and balance arm.
the point on the longitudinal axis or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.
the distance from the datum to the position of a mass.
the point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a mass.

During an unaccelerated flight…

the vertical component of thrust equals gravity and the horizontal component of thrust equals drag.
the vertical component of thrust equals the horizontal component of thrust and drag equals gravity.
the horizontal component of thrust equals the sum of drag and gravity.
the vertical component of thrust equals drag and the horizontal component of thrust equals gravity.

What needs to be done to compensate a tail-heavy centre of gravity in a helicopter?

Remove all unnecessary attachment parts and covers
Remove unneeded equipment from the cockpit
Add additional load in the front of the helicopter cabin
Add additional fuel to the fuel tank behind the main rotor mast

During lift-off the helicopter pitches rearwards much more than expected. This indicates that…

the power required equals the power available.
the centre of hub is overhead of the centre of gravity.
the helicopter is overloaded.
the centre of gravity is much more aft than expected.

The term “datum” with regard to a mass and balance calculation defines…

the point on the vertical axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.
the distance from the reference plane to the center of gravity of an aircraft.
the point on the lateral axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.
the point on the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.

The term “moment” with regard to a mass and balance calculation is referred to as…

sum of a mass and a balance arm.
difference of a mass and a balance arm.
product of a mass and a balance arm.
quotient of a mass and a balance arm.

The term “balance arm” in the context of a mass and balance calculation defines the…

point on the longitudinal axis of an aeroplane or its extension from which the centers of gravity of all masses are referenced.
distance from the datum to the center of gravity of a mass.
point through which the force of gravity is said to act on a mass.
distance of a mass from the center of gravity.

The distance between the center of gravity and the datum is called…

lever.
span width.
torque.
balance arm.

The balance arm is the horizontal distance between…

the front C.G. limit and the datum line.
the C.G. of a mass and the rear C.G. limit.
the front C.G. limit and the rear C.G. limit.
the C.G. of a mass and the datum line.

The required data for a mass and balance calculation including masses and balance arms can be found in the…

certificate of airworthiness.
documentation of the annual inspection.
performance section of the pilot's operating handbook of this particular aircraft.
mass and balance section of the pilot's operating handbook of this particular aircraft.

When preparing to carry out the weighing procedure on an aircraft, which of the following is required?

Remove the batteries
Drain all engine tank oil
Remove service equipment
Drain all useable fuel

Which section of the flight manual describes the basic empty mass of an aircraft?

Performance
Limitations
Normal procedures
Weight and balance

Which section of the flight manual describes the centre of gravity limitations of a helicopter?

Normal procedures
Supplements
Performance
Limitations

The position of the center of gravity equals… See figure (PFP-052e)

142 in.
147.5 in.
137.5 in.
145.7 in.

What mass equals 102 litres of Avgas 100LL?

142 kg
142 lbs
74 lbs
74 kg

Calculated take-off mass = 2300 lbs, calculated CG = 95.75 in, fuel burn = 170 lbs on station 87.00 in. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

97.39 in
96.45 in
96.57 in
94.11 in

Given values: Calculated take-off mass = 746 kg, calculated CG = 37.1 cm, avgas fuel burn = 30.5 litres on station 45 cm. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

1 litre of avgas = 0.72kg

36.3 cm
37.5 cm
36.9 cm
37.2 cm

Calculated take-off mass = 1082 kg, calculated CG = 0.254 m, fuel burn = 55 l on station 0.40 m. Where is the CG situated after the landing?

25.2 cm
25.4 cm
24.6 cm
24.8 cm

The position of the center of gravity (including fuel) equals… See figure (PFP-053e)

37.1 cm.
0.403 m.
37.3 cm.
0.401 m.

For the purpose of a flight preparation, the pilot calculates a total take-off mass of 750 kg and a total moment of 625 mmkg. Which cross marks the centre of gravity (CG)? See PFP-003

1
3
4
2

For the purpose of a flight preparation the pilot calculates a total take-off mass of 725 kg and a total moment of 650 mmkg. Which cross marks the centre of gravity (CG)? See PFP-004

3
2
1
4

For the purpose of a flight preparation the pilot calculates a total take-off mass of 775 kg and a total moment of 700 mmkg. Which cross marks the centre of gravity (CG)? See PFP-005

3
1
2
4

Which is the most recently determined empty mass and the associated centre of gravity (CG) arm from the aircraft documentation? See (PFP-006)

512 kg; 285.39 m
498 kg; 280.59 m
4 kg; 1.1 m
5 kg; 1.3 m

The term “maximum elevation figure” (MEF) is defined as…

the highest elevation within an area covering 30 minutes of latitude and 30 minutes of longitude plus a safety margin of 1000 ft (305 m), rounded to the next higher 100 ft.
the highest elevation within an area covering 30 minutes of latitude and 30 minutes of longitude plus a safety margin, rounded to the next higher 100 ft.
the highest elevation within an area covering 1 degree of latitude and 1 degree of longitude plus a safety margin, rounded to the next lower 100 ft.
the highest elevation within an area covering 30 minutes of latitude and 30 minutes of longitude.

What is the purpose of “interception lines” in visual navigation?

They are used as easily recognizable guidance upon a possible loss of orientation
They help to continue the flight when flight visibility drops below VFR minima
To visualize the range limitation from the departure aerodrome
To mark the next available en-route airport during the flight

The VFR semicircular rules are based on the…

magnetic course (MC).
magnetic heading (MH).
true heading (TH).
true course (TC).

What is the lowest possible VFR flight level if a true course of 181° is selected and a variation of 3° east exists?

FL 060
FL 065
FL 050
FL 055

The upper limit of airspace LO R 16 equals… See annex (PFP-056)

1500 m MSL.
1500 ft AGL.
1500 ft MSL.
FL150.

The upper limit of airspace LO R 4 equals… See (PFP-030)

4500 ft MSL.
1500 ft AGL.
4500 ft AGL.
1500 ft MSL.

The term “FATO” is defined as…

a treaty between federal organizations.
a noise abatement procedure for VFR traffic.
a missed approach procedure for essential traffic.
an area for final approach and take-off for helicopters.

How much taxi fuel must be consumed before take-off to reduce the aircraft mass to the maximum take-off mass? Maximum ramp mass (MRM): 1150 kg Actual ramp mass: 1148 kg Maximum take-off mass (MTOM): 1145 kg

5 L
2 L
3 L
4 L

What document contains information about the fuel consumption?

Log book
Mass and balance report
Airworthiness certificate
Flight manual (POH)

Considering the following fuel data, how much trip fuel is required? Fuel for start-up and taxi: 5 L Fuel for take-off and climb: 12 L Fuel for cruise flight: 25 L Fuel for descent, approach and landing: 7 L Fuel for taxi and parking: 3 L Fuel to alternate: 13 L Final reserve fuel: 10 L

49 L
75 L
44 L
52 L

What is the message of the NOTAM shown below? B7938/11 NOTAMN Q) LECB/QMRLC/IV/NBO/A /000/999/3933N00244E005 A) LEPA B) 1111212200 C) 1111220500 E) RWY 24L/06R CLOSED

Runway 24L/06R at Palma de Mallorca (LEPA) airport will be closed from November 21st 2011 2200 local time until November 22nd 2011 0500 local time
Runway 24L/06R at Palma de Mallorca (LEPA) airport will be closed from November 21st 2011 2200 UTC until November 22nd 2011 0500 UTC
Runway 24L/06R at Palma de Mallorca (LEPA) airport will be closed from present time (000) indefinitely (999)
Runway 24L/06R at Cataluña/Barcelona (LECB) airport will be closed from November 21st 2011 2200 UTC until November 22nd 2011 0500 UTC

Up to which altitude is an overflight prohibited according to the NOTAM?
See figure (PFP-024)

Altitude 9500 ft MSL
Height 9500 ft
Flight Level 95
Altitude 9500 m MSL

On a VFR flight routing through Luton’s Class D CTR, before reaching a compulsory reporting point, the received ATIS states 4000m visibility. What is nessessary to enter the CTR?

A Controlled VFR clearance.
A visual IFR clearance.
A Special VFR clearance.
A Minimum VFR clearance.

A flight plan has been filed for a flight departing at an uncontrolled aerodrome. When has the actual take-off time been transmitted to ATC?

Upon request from ATC.
Immediately after take-off.
When landing is assured.
At deviation from expected off-block time by more than 15 min.

During a flight with a flight plan submitted, landing is conducted at an airfield other than the destination stated in the filed flight plan. Who has to be contacted by the pilot immediately?

Aeronatical Information Service (AIS).
The police department.
Local office for aereal supervision.
The flight manager on duty.

The EOBT (estimated off-block time) is specified in the ATS flight plan as…

Central European Time (CET).
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
Local Mean Time (LMT).
Standard Time (ST).

What is the nature of the flight shown in the given ATC flight plan? See annex (PFP-051)

Border crossing flight.
Traffic pattern under visual flight rules.
Night flight under visual flight rules.
Flight under instrument flight rules.

The specified speed in the ATS flight plan equals: See annex (PFP-051)

100 m/h.
1000 kt.
100 kt.
100 km/h.

What must be considered for cross-border flights?

Approved exceptions
Regular location messages
Transmission of hazard reports
Requires flight plans

During a flight, a flight plan can be filed at the…

next airport operator en-route.
Flight Information Service (FIS).
Search and Rescue Service (SAR).
Aeronautical Information Service (AIS).

Which actions should be taken if the orientation is lost during helicopter flight operations?

Continue the flight in any direction until the navigation can be resumed
Continue with planned heading to the next interception line and reorientate from there
According the Warsaw convention orientation triangles must be flown
Return to the departure aerodrome and reorientate from there

According ICAO, what symbol indicates a group of unlighted obstacles? Use PFP-061

A
B
C
D

According ICAO, what symbol indicates a civil airport (not international airport) with paved runway? Use PFP-062

C
B
A
D

According ICAO, what symbol indicates a general spot elevation? Use PFP-063

C
D
B
A

What needs to be observed in conjunction with a flight on a hot day?

Thermal updraft should be used over uninhabited areas
Air-fuel mixture in the climb and cruise should be fully enriched
Outside air temperature and pressure altitude should be considered in particular
Low density of the provided fuel should be observed during refueling

Which factor has a positive (beneficial) effect on the amount of power required?

Icy helicopter airframe
High density altitude
Clean blades
Unleaded fuel

What is the maximum pressure altitude to conduct a hover in ground effect if the helicopter mass equals 2400 lbs and the outside air temperature is +20° C? See (PFP-045)

9000 ft
11000 ft
8600 ft
9500 ft

What is the never-exceed speed at 4000 feet pressure altitude, +10° C outside air temperature and a helicopter mass of 2300 lbs? See (PFP-046)

96 KIAS
126 KIAS
130 KIAS
116 KIAS

Which section of the flight manual describes the power required of a helicopter in a hover?

Normal procedures
Performance
Limitations
Supplements

The power output of a piston engine is limited by…

crankcase.
main rotor gearbox.
centrifugal clutch.
exhaust system.

The power output of a turbine engine is limited by…

freewheel unit and main rotor gearbox in single-shaft turbine engines.
auxiliary equipment rack and exhaust system in multi-shaft turbine engines.
compressor RPM, turbine inlet temperature, and main rotor gearbox.
fuel type, burn rate, and exhaust system.

How do manufacturers reduce the power output of their engines for use in helicopters?

Limit the fuel flow
Adjust the ignition timing
Decrease the shaft RPM
Reduce the combustion chamber

Which point on the ‘power required’ curve indicates the speed for maximum endurance? See figure (PFP-044)

4
1
2
3

Which point on the ‘power required’ curve indicates the speed for maximum range? See figure (PFP-044)

2
4
3
1

What needs to be observed if the carburettor heat is applied in a hover?

Gain of power
Reduction of pre-ignition
Loss of power
Increase of rotor rpm

What factor is affected by headwind during a departure?

Climb path angle
Rate of climb
Vy.
Vx

Why does the VNE decrease with increasing pressure altitude?

The true airspeed (TAS) increases
The rotor thrust exceeds the permissible structure limitations
The tail rotor effectiveness does not provide directional stability
The groundspeed (GS) decreases

What are the variable physical properties of the atmosphere that affect the helicopter performance?

Temperature, pressure, and carbon content
Pressure, humidity, and nitrogen content
Pressure, humidity, and specific gravity
Temperature, pressure, and humidity

What needs to observed regarding ice formation during the flight?

An increase in mass and a decrease in drag
An increase in both drag and lift coefficient due to a mass increase
An increase in mass and a reduced rate of descent
An increase in mass and drag and a significant lift reduction

Increasing a helicopter’s mass will…

decrease the power available.
increase the climb path angle.
decrease the rate of climb.
increase the lift coefficient.

The maximum endurance with a helicopter is achieved by flying at…

a lower speed than for maximum range and at the service ceiling.
the same speed as for maximum range and at optimum height.
a lower speed than for maximum range and at the lowest altitude that is safely possible.
a higher speed than for maximum range and at the lowest altitude that is safely possible.

A helicopter approach is conducted into the wind because…

it reduces groundspeed and increases the landing distance.
it increases the true airspeed and decreases the landing distance.
this avoids wake turbulence near the touchdown zone.
this provides more control at low groundspeeds.

When landing, if the TAS is significantly less than the ground speed, you will have…

crosswind.
tailwind.
headwind.
an inversion.

For a given fuel load, if the helicopter mass is increased…

the maximum range will be decreased.
the power required will be unchanged.
the normal fuel burn will be increased.
the parasite drag will be unchanged.

What is the maximum helicopter mass to conduct a departure at 8000 feet pressure altitude and an outside air temperature of +20° C? Max. gross mass: 2500 lbs. Min. gross mass: 1600 lbs. (See PFP-045)

1550 lbs
2500 lbs
1950 lbs
2460 lbs

What is the maximum helicopter mass to conduct a hover in ground effect at 9000 feet pressure altitude and an outside air temperature of +10° C? See PFP-045

2410 lb
2360 lb
2360 kg
2410 kg

What should be carried out before making a confined area landing in a helicopter?

Checking the mixture
Conducting an in-flight power check at Vy
Ensuring the throttle is fully open
Switching on the navigation lights

Which graph would be most useful for determining performance when landing at an elevated confined area?

Height-Velocity diagram
Fuel flow chart
Density altitude chart
OGE Hover graph

What does the Height-Velocity diagram show?

The combination of heights and airspeeds where flight is prohibited as adequate performance margins cannot be maintained.
The combination of heights and airspeeds where you can safely make a forced landing if the engine fails on take-off.
The combination of heights and airspeeds where flight should be avoided as a safe forced landing may not be possible following an engine failure.
The combination of heights and airspeeds where flight is specifically prohibited as a forced landing following an engine failure will not be possible.

What does the chart symbol below show? (F1)

Tower 1800 ft High
Wind Turbine
Lit Obstacles
Single Unlit Obstacle

What does the chart symbol below show? (F11)

Boundary of an airway
Boundary of the altimeter setting regions (ASR)
Area of Intense Aerial Activity (AIAA) boundary
Approach path to Shobdon

What does the chart symbol below show? (F3)

Lit obstacle > 1000 ft high
Viewing Tower
High tension pylon
Lit obstacle < 1000 ft high

What does the chart symbol below show? (F4)

Visual Reporting Point (VRP)
Non-Directional Beacon (NDB)
VOR/DME and Airway Intersection
Cotswold Airport

What does the chart symbol below show? (F5)

LPV Approach Area
Aiport Activated by NOTAM
Restricted Area for VFR Flights
Instrument Approach Procedures Outside of Controlled Airspace

What does the chart symbol below show? (F6)

Hospital Heliport
Heliport with HTZ
Hotel (with a sea view)
Helicopter Training Area (Non-Land)

What does the chart symbol below show? (F7)

Private Island
IFR Reporting Point
Disused Oil Rig
FIR Joining Point

Practice Questions – Flight Performance & Planning (H)

Practice Questions – Flight Performance & Planning (H)

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