Practice Questions – Human Performance & Limitations | ICE Helicopters

The majority of aviation accidents are caused by…

human failure.
meteorological influences.
technical failure.
geographical influences.

The “E” in the SHELL model means… See figure (HPL- 001)

equipment.
effective.
enroute.
environment.

The “L” in the SHELL model means… See figure (HPL- 001)

loss of control.
lift.
liveware.
line check.

The “swiss cheese model” can be used to explain the…

procedure for an emergency landing.
optimal problem solution.
error chain.
state of readiness of a pilot.

Which two parameters have to be considered in a risk assessment?

Probability of occurrence and own experience
Severity of outcome and amount insured
Probability of occurrence and severity of outcome
Level of familiarity and regulations

What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere at 6000 ft?

0.78
0.12
0.21
0.189

What is the percentage of nitrogen in the atmosphere?

0.78
0.001
0.01
0.21

At which altitude is the atmospheric pressure approximately half the MSL value (1013 hPa)?

22000 ft
18000 ft
5000 ft
10000 ft

Air consists of oxygen, nitrogen and other gases. What is the approximate percentage of other gases?

0.78
0.01
0.21
0.001

Carbon monoxide poisoning can be caused by…

cracks in the heat exchanger.
Pitot icing.
fuel or hydraulic fluids.
generator failure.

What does the term “Red-out” mean?

Anaemia caused by an injury
Rash during decompression sickness
"Red vision" during negative g-loads
Falsified colour perception during sunrise and sunset

Which kind of risks are associated with the use of handheld pulse oximeters?

Hyperventilation is not detected by a pulse oximeter
Pulse oximeters do not work below 10000 ft
A pulse oximeter can be only used twice
Pulse oximeters can interfere with the avionics

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hyperventilaton?

Tingling
Disturbance of consciousness
Spasm
Cyanose

Which of the following symptoms may indicate hypoxia?

Muscle cramps in the upper body area
Joint pain in knees and feet
Blue marks all over the body
Blue discolouration of lips and fingernails

Which of the human senses is most influenced by hypoxia?

The oltfactory perception (smell)
The auditory perception (hearing)
The visual perception (vision)
The tactile perception (sense of touch)

From which altitude on does the body usually react to the decreasing atmospheric pressure?

7000 feet
12000 feet
10000 feet
2000 feet

Which altitude marks the lower limit where the the body is unable to completely compensate the effects of the low atmospheric pressure?

22000 feet
12000 feet
5000 feet
7000 feet

What is the function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes)?

Blood sugar regulation
Immune defense
Oxygen transport
Blood coagulation

Which of the following is responsible for the blood coagulation?

Capillaries of the arteries
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
Blood plates (thrombocytes)
White blood cells (leucocytes)

What is the function of the white blood cells (leucocytes)?

Blood sugar regulation
Oxygen transport
Blood coagulation
Immune defense

What is the function of the blood platelets (thrombocytes)?

Immune defense
Oxygen transport
Blood sugar regulation
Blood coagulation

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypoxia?

Blood donation
Diving
Smoking
Menstruation

Anemic hypoxia can be caused by…

carbon monoxide poisoning.
high altitudes.
low pressure.
alcohol.

Which type of hypoxia can be caused by high altitude?

Hypoxic hypoxia
Stagnating hypoxia
Anaemic hypoxia
Histotoxic hypoxia

Which dangerous situation could arise when the helicopter engine is started in strong tailwind conditions?

Rotary vertigo
Binocular vision
Decompression sickness
Carbon monoxide poisoning

Which hazard arises during a helicopter night flight in blowing snow?

High air pressure and low temperatures can clog the "eustachian tube"
Engine monitoring displays are scanned with increased attention
High partial pressures in the human body can cause hyperventilation or autokinesis
Anti-collision light and rotors can cause the "flicker vertigo"

What is an appropriate reaction when a passenger during cruise flight suddenly feels uncomfortable?

Switch on the heater blower and provide thermal blankets
Give additional oxygen and avoid low load factors
Avoid conversation and choose a higher airspeed
Adjust cabin temperature and prevent excessive bank

What ist the correct term for an involuntary and stereotypical reaction of an organism to the stimulation of a receptor?

Coherence
Reduction
Reflex
Virulence

What is the correct term for the system which, among others, controls breathing, digestion, and heart frequency?

Autonomic nervous system
Compliant nervous system
Automatical nervous system
Critical nervous system

From about which altitude on does the night vision capability start to reduce?

10000 ft
3000 ft
5000 ft
7000 ft

What is the parallax error?

Long-sightedness due to aging especially during night
A decoding error in communication between pilots
Misperception of speed during taxiing
Wrong interpretation of instruments caused by the angle of vision

Which characteristic is important when choosing sunglasses used by pilots?

Non-polarised
No UV filter
Curved sidepiece
Unbreakable

What time is required approximately for the eyes to adapt to brightness?

10 seconds
1 second
10 minutes
1 minute

Which part of the visual system is responsible for colour vision?

Rods
Macula
Blind spot
Cones

The connection between middle ear and nose and throat region is called…

eustachian tube.
inner ear.
eardrum.
cochlea.

In which situation is it NOT possible to achieve a pressure compensation between the middle ear and the environment?

During a light and slow climb
All windows are completely closed
Breathing takes place using the mouth only
The eustachien tube is blocked

Wings level after a longer period of turning can lead to the impression of…

starting a descent.
turning into the opposite direction.
steady turning in the same direction as before.
starting a climb.

Which of the following options does NOT stimulate motion sickness (disorientation)?

Non-accelerated straight and level flight
Head movements during turns
Turbulence in level flight
Flying under the influence of alcohol

An acceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of…

a bank.
an inverted flight.
a climb.
a descent.

A deceleration during a straight horizontal flight can lead to the illusion of…

an inverted flight.
a climb.
a descent.
a bank.

What is a Coriolis illusion?

Heavy vertigo due to head movements during turns
Wrong interpretation of altitude during approach
Apparent movement of static objects at night
False perception of colour due to strong accelerations

Which optical illusion might be caused by a runway with an upslope during the approach?

The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too slow and speeds up above the normal approach speed
The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too fast and reduces the speed below the normal approach speed
The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too high and therefore descents below the regular glide slope
The pilot has the feeling that the approach is too low and therefore approaches the runway above the regular glide slope

What impression may be caused when approaching a runway with an upslope?

An undershoot
A landing beside the centerline
A hard landing
An overshoot

The occurence of a vertigo is most likely when moving the head…

during a straight horizontal flight.
during a descent.
during a turn.
during a climb.

A Grey-out is the result of…

hyperventilation.
tiredness.
positive g-forces.
hypoxia.

Visual illusions are mostly caused by…

misinterpretation of the brain.
colour blindness.
binocular vision.
rapid eye movements.

The human circadian cycle is based on a cycle of approximately…

25 hours.
10 hours.
13 hours.
22 hours.

The average decrease of blood alcohol level for an adult in one hour is approximately…

0.3 percent.
0.03 percent.
0.01 percent.
0.1 percent.

What has to be taken into consideration when comparing medication which is only available on prescription with medication that is available over the counter?

Medication which is only available on prescription is considered to have an impact on flight performance only if explicitly noted on the package insert
Medication which is available over the counter is safe as long as a doctor has not expressed an opinion to the contrary
Generally both types of medication have to be handled in the same way
There is a notification requirement for medication which is sold over the counter if it is taken for a period exceeding 10 days

Which answer states a risk factor for diabetes?

Alcohol consumption
Smoking
Sleep deficiency
Overweight

A risk factor for decompression sickness is…

scuba diving prior to flight.
sports.
smoking.
100 % oxygen after decompression.

Which of the following options does NOT require an immendiate consultation of an aeromedical examiner?

Preventive dental screening
Pregnancy
First prescription of glasses
Regular intake of medication

Smoking causes…

anaemic hypoxia.
hyperventilation.
decompression sickness.
histotoxic hypoxia.

Which statement is correct with regard to the interaction between perception and experience?

Experience and perception are totally different parts of the perception process
The interaction has no relevance for flight safety
Experience has a significant influence to our perception
The interaction between perception and experience is limited to optical illusions

Which statement is correct with regard to the short-term memory?

It can store 10 (±5) items for 30 to 60 seconds
It can store 7 (±2) items for 10 to 20 seconds
It can store 5 (±2) items for 1 to 2 minutes
It can store 3 (±1) items for 5 to 10 seconds

For what approximate time period can the short-time memory store information?

30 to 40 seconds
3 to 7 seconds
35 to 50 seconds
10 to 20 seconds

What is a latent error?

An error which has an immediate effect on the controls
An error which is made by the pilot actively and consciously
An error which remains undetected in the system for a long time
An error which only has consequences after landing

What does the term “confirmation bias” mean?

The bias to confirm each radio call
The preference to find arguments to proof the own mental model
The feedback loop in a closed communication
The critical check of ambiguous situations in flight

What does the abbreviation “CFIT” mean?

Central Flight Instructor Training
Company Fuel Index Tool
Controlled Flight Into Terrain
Cargo Fire in Tail Compartment

The ongoing process to monitor the current flight situation is called…

situational awareness.
situational thinking.
constant flight check.
anticipatory check procedure.

Regarding the communication model, how can the use of the same code during radio communication be ensured?

By using radios certified for aviation use only
By the use of proper headsets
By the use of radio phraseology
By a particular frequency allocation

Which of the following attitudes are not hazardous when piloting an aircraft?

Impulsivity
Infallibility
Synergetic
Macho

In what different ways can a risk be handled appropriately?

Avoid, ignore, palliate, reduce
Avoid, reduce, transfer, accept
Ignore, accept, transfer, extrude
Extrude, avoid, palliate, transfer

Under which circumstances is it more likely to accept higher risks?

If there is not enough information available
Due to group-dynamic effects
During check flights due to a high level of nervousness
During flight planning when excellent weather is forecast

What is the meaning of “risky shift”?

Seat adjustment in flight
Crossing of rudder and ailerons on short final
Spontaneous change of landing direction when the runway has an upslope
The tendency to accept higher risks in groups

Which dangerous attitudes are often combined?

Invulnerability and self-abandonment
Impulsivity and carefulness
Self-abandonment and macho
Macho and invulnerability

What is an indication for a macho attitude?

Risky flight maneuvers to impress spectators on ground
Careful walkaround procedure
Comprehensive risk assessment when faced with unfamiliar situations
Quick resignation in complex and critical situations

Which factor can lead to human error?

Proper use of checklists
Double check of relevant actions
The bias to see what we expect to see
To be doubtful if something looks unclear or ambiguous

What is the best combination of traits with respect to the individual attitude and behaviour for a pilot?

Extroverted – unstable
Extroverted – stable
Introverted – stable
Introverted – unstable

Complacency is a risk due to…

increased cockpit automation.
the high number of mistakes normally made by humans.
the high error rate of technical systems.
better training options for young pilots.

The ideal level of arousal is at which point in the diagram? See figure (HPL- 002) P = Performance, A = Arousal / Stress

Point D
Point B
Point C
Point A

At which point in the diagram will a pilot find himself to be overstrained? See figure (HPL-002) P = Performance, A = Arousal / Stress

Point B
Point C
Point D
Point A

Which of the following qualities are influenced by stress? 1. Attention 2. Concentration 3. Responsiveness 4. Memory

1
2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3

Which answer is correct concerning stress?

Stress and its different symptoms are irrelevant for flight safety
Everybody reacts to stress in the same manner
Training and experience have no influence on the occurence of stress
Stress can occur if there seems to be no solution for a given problem

What can cause an increased number of errors, tunnel vision and reduced attention?

Unhealthy food
Fatigue
Relaxation training
Sports

Practice Questions – Human Performance & Limitations

Practice Questions – Human Performance & Limitations

Mock Exam Summary

Information

Results

Results

Categories

1. Question

2. Question

3. Question

4. Question

5. Question

6. Question

7. Question

8. Question

9. Question

10. Question

11. Question

12. Question

13. Question

14. Question

15. Question

16. Question

17. Question

18. Question

19. Question

20. Question

21. Question

22. Question

23. Question

24. Question

25. Question

26. Question

27. Question

28. Question

29. Question

30. Question

31. Question

32. Question

33. Question

34. Question

35. Question

36. Question

37. Question

38. Question

39. Question

40. Question

41. Question

42. Question

43. Question

44. Question

45. Question

46. Question

47. Question

48. Question

49. Question

50. Question

51. Question

52. Question

53. Question

54. Question

55. Question

56. Question

57. Question

58. Question

59. Question

60. Question

61. Question

62. Question

63. Question

64. Question

65. Question

66. Question

67. Question

68. Question

69. Question

70. Question

71. Question

72. Question

73. Question